Religion’s Role in Imperialism, Social Care, and Colonial America: A Historical and Practical Guide

By Daniel RodriguezLast Updated April 23, 2025

Introduction

Religion has been a powerful force shaping societies, politics, and social welfare across centuries. Its influence is visible in the spread of empires, the formation of colonial societies, and ongoing efforts to care for society’s most vulnerable. In this guide, we examine how religion played a pivotal role in imperialism, explore which major religions are most active in supporting the homeless, and reveal the main religious influences in the original 13 American colonies. For those seeking support or involvement, detailed instructions are included to help connect with faith-based services and resources.

Religion and Imperialism: Historical Dynamics

The relationship between religion and imperialism is complex and deeply intertwined. Throughout history, especially during the European colonial era, religious motivations were often used to justify the expansion of empires and the subjugation of indigenous peoples. Christian missionaries, particularly from Protestant and Catholic traditions, accompanied colonial expeditions with the stated aim of spreading Christianity to ‘heathen’ populations. This provided both a moral rationale and a practical means for imperial powers to exert control over new territories.

For example, during the colonization of the Americas, European powers often claimed that it was their divine duty to civilize and convert indigenous peoples. This belief system was central to the ideology known as the “White Man’s Burden,” which asserted that Western Christians were responsible for bringing civilization and salvation to supposedly less advanced societies. In Africa and Asia, similar patterns played out, with missionaries acting as ‘religious arms’ of imperial powers, sometimes facilitating the political and economic dominance of their home countries [2] . The link between religious zeal and imperial conquest was not limited to Europe. In Latin America, for instance, U.S. Protestantism was strategically used to legitimize imperialist projects, with religious leaders framing their mission as a battle between good and evil, extending beyond the church into military and political realms [1] . In summary, religion provided not only spiritual motivation but also institutional and ideological support for imperial ambitions, often resulting in profound and lasting social and cultural changes for colonized peoples [4] .

Which Religion Cares Most About the Homeless?

Many major religions emphasize compassion and the obligation to support the needy. In practice, the commitment to serving the homeless is visible across faith traditions, each with well-established charitable organizations and outreach programs. While it is difficult to quantify which religion “cares the most,” Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, and other world religions all have doctrinal mandates for supporting the poor and homeless.

For instance, Christian teachings-especially in Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox branches-strongly urge followers to care for the homeless, with thousands of churches hosting shelters, soup kitchens, and outreach programs. Notable Christian organizations include Salvation Army, Catholic Charities, and local parish ministries, which collectively serve millions annually in the United States alone. Islam’s zakat (obligatory almsgiving) directly funds support for the poor, and mosques often operate food pantries and housing assistance. Similarly, Jewish values of tzedakah (charity) prompt synagogues and Jewish agencies to support those in need. However, the scale and visibility of Christian initiatives in Western societies, especially in the United States, are particularly prominent due to the sheer number of Christian-affiliated charities and institutions. This prominence is a result of both doctrinal emphasis and the organizational resources available to these faith communities [2] . If you or someone you know is seeking shelter, food, or support, here are practical steps to access faith-based services:

Contact local churches, mosques, or synagogues to ask about available programs and referrals.
Use online directories for organizations such as the Salvation Army or Catholic Charities, which list shelters and food services by location.
Consult your city or county’s official website for lists of community partners, including faith-based service providers.
If internet access is limited, public libraries and community centers often have information on support services.
For non-emergency assistance, calling 2-1-1 (in the U.S.) connects you to local resources, including faith-based aid.

Always verify the legitimacy of organizations before sharing personal information or applying for services. Most reputable charities are registered nonprofits and can provide documentation of their programs.

The Main Religion in the 13 Colonies

The original 13 American colonies were primarily settled by Europeans seeking religious freedom or economic opportunity, and religion played a central role in daily life and governance. The majority religion varied by colony, but overall, Protestant Christianity-especially in the forms of Anglicanism, Puritanism (Congregationalism), and other Reformed traditions-dominated the region.

In New England (Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island), Puritanism shaped social norms, education, and government, with churches acting as central community institutions. The Middle Colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware) were more religiously diverse but still majority Protestant, with significant populations of Quakers, Lutherans, and Presbyterians. The Southern Colonies (Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia) were largely Anglican, with Maryland initially established as a haven for English Catholics, though it quickly became majority Protestant [3] . Religion not only informed private belief but also shaped colonial laws, education, and political structures. For example, church attendance was often mandatory, and religious tests could determine eligibility for public office. Education in the colonies was largely religious, with schools teaching Bible literacy and preparing ministers. This religious foundation profoundly influenced American society, politics, and culture, effects that continue to be felt today.

If you’re interested in exploring the religious history of colonial America, many museums, historical societies, and online archives offer resources and guided tours. Consider searching for local colonial-era churches, which often have records and interpretive materials about their community’s religious heritage.

Accessing Faith-Based Services: Step-by-Step Guidance

For individuals or families seeking support from religious organizations today, the following steps can maximize your chances of finding assistance:

Identify your immediate needs (shelter, food, counseling, financial aid).
Research local service providers. Begin with well-known organizations such as the Salvation Army, Catholic Charities, Jewish Family Services, and Islamic Relief. Use their official websites or city directories to find contact details.
If you have a specific faith tradition, contact nearby places of worship directly. Most have outreach ministries or can refer you to partner organizations.
For urgent or emergency shelter, call 2-1-1 in the U.S., or your local equivalent. This connects you to vetted agencies, many of which are faith-based.
Attend community events or public meals hosted by religious organizations. These events serve as entry points for further assistance.
Be prepared to provide basic information about your situation. Most organizations will require minimal intake forms to determine eligibility and services available.
If you are interested in volunteering or supporting these efforts, reach out through the same channels and ask about opportunities for involvement.

Alternative approaches include seeking referrals from local government agencies, social workers, or nonprofit organizations. Libraries and community centers also often maintain up-to-date lists of support services. Always ensure that any organization you approach is reputable and provides services free of discrimination or proselytizing if that is important to you.

Challenges and Considerations in Faith-Based Outreach

While faith-based organizations provide essential services, there can be challenges. Some may have requirements related to attendance at religious services, or may prioritize aid to members of their own faith. Others are strictly non-denominational and serve all in need regardless of belief. If you encounter barriers, try seeking assistance from secular charities or government programs, or ask for referrals from organizations you trust.

Transparency and accountability are important in any charitable endeavor. Reputable agencies publish annual reports and have clear policies regarding privacy and the distribution of aid. Before accepting services, ask questions about the organization’s mission, funding, and eligibility requirements.

Conclusion

Religion has shaped history on a global scale, providing both justification for imperial expansion and a mandate for social care. In the United States, Christian traditions were foundational in the 13 colonies, influencing laws, education, and social structure. Today, many faith communities continue to lead efforts against homelessness, offering a wide array of services. By understanding this complex legacy and knowing how to access available resources, individuals and families can find essential support toward stability and hope.